Working principle
How does the Contextual Instruments Capacitance Meter measure capacitance ?
Core Measurement Method
Capacitance measurement is based on the principle of "discharge time measurement" of an RC network. This process occurs in three distinct phases:
- 1. Pre-charge phase: The capacitor is charged through a series resistor to a level close to the supply voltage. This approach reduces mechanical stress on the capacitive sensor, (particularly important for MEMS applications).
- 2. Full-charge phase: The capacitor is then completely charged to VDD without any series resistor, ensuring a complete charge.
- 3. Discharge phase: The capacitor is discharged through a calibrated discharge resistor to 0V. The discharge time is directly proportional to the capacitance according to the relationship: τ = k × R × C where τ is the discharge time, R is the discharge resistance, and C is the measured capacitance.
Ratiometric Approach
To eliminate systematic errors, the system uses a ratiometric approach, comparing the measured capacitor to a reference capacitor: τN/τref = CN/Cref This method eliminates most influences of temperature, voltage, and other environmental factors, as they affect both measurements identically.
Digital Signal Processing
After measurement, an integrated 32-bit DSP:
- Calculates capacitance ratios
- Applies compensation algorithms
- Performs linearization via polynomial calculations
- Compensates for temperature effects
- Produces results with resolution reaching 20 bits